“The State and Revolution” is a very famous book, but I have never studied it seriously. I have only read “A Brief Discussion of ‘The State and Revolution’.” I think reading this book is helpful for studying the essence of the modern Chinese state and revealing the true face of the Chinese revisionism to the masses. I need to read it.
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Lenin said, “Monopoly capitalism becomes state monopoly capitalism.” What is the difference between the latter and the former? Is state monopoly capitalism the combination of state power and monopoly capital? Then what is monopoly capitalism? Does it mean there is monopoly capital but no integration with state power? But that doesn’t seem right, because the state is a class state, and it’s impossible for monopoly capital not to be connected with the state. So I am confused; I need to clarify the concepts and differences between these two.
Could you provide the source?
Chapter 1: The Class Society and the State - Page 1
Monopoly capitalism is imperialism, a dying, decayed, parasitic capitalism, the highest stage of capitalist development. In monopoly capitalist countries, the bourgeoisie does not necessarily participate directly in state power, but instead elects its representatives to participate in state power. At this stage, the contradictions between domestic bourgeoisie and proletariat in imperialist countries are unprecedentedly intensified, and the contradictions among imperialist countries themselves over colonies and markets are equally sharp, as well as the huge contradictions between imperialism and the colonized peoples. Imperialism continuously exports capital and commodities to colonies,疯狂掠夺和压迫殖民地人民。The three fundamental contradictions of imperialism determine the inevitable outbreak of wars in the imperialist era. The monopoly bourgeoisie often intensifies the integration of its monopolistic organizations with state power shortly before and during imperialist wars, serving their needs for imperialist rivalry. The special form of monopoly capitalism is state monopoly capitalism, which develops from the close integration of bourgeois monopolistic organizations with state power. At this time, the monopoly bourgeoisie directly combines with state forces, and the bureaucrats of capitalist countries are the monopoly bourgeoisie itself and its lackeys.
Actually, the current Chinese system is also state monopoly capitalism. The bureaucratic monopoly bourgeoisie, through state power,疯狂压迫和掠夺本国人民和殖民地人民，并且积极准备对外的侵略扩张的帝国主义战争。 However, China became a state monopoly capitalist country because during the previous socialist period, a socialist economy with全民所有制 was already realized, and the socialist state power had absolute control over social production. After Deng Xiaoping’s revisionist group came to power, the emerging bureaucratic bourgeoisie seized the fruits of the socialist revolution. Based on this, the bureaucratic bourgeoisie continuously enacts policies favorable to itself through state power. As capitalism in China continued to develop, the state power was used to directly control and merge large numbers of small and medium capital, establish monopolistic organizations, and the bureaucratic bourgeoisie thus became the bureaucratic monopoly bourgeoisie. China has thus become a country of state monopoly capitalism.
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, the difference between the bureaucratic bourgeoisie and the bureaucratic monopoly bourgeoisie lies here. I thought the former only referred to the ruling class in semi-colonial and semi-feudal China. So “the bureaucratic bourgeoisie becomes the bureaucratic monopoly bourgeoisie, and China becomes a country of state monopoly capitalism.” When exactly did this happen?
I am not exactly sure when China specifically became imperialist or the detailed process of its development into imperialism, but it is likely that it happened in the 21st century, possibly around the 2010s, when China officially transitioned into the world’s leading industrial power and became imperialist.
By 2012, when Xi Jinping took office, the complete imperialization should have been achieved.