I have some questions, theoretical and historical, hoping to get answers, thank you
One more thing, why did Chairman Mao say to Hua Guofeng, “I trust you to handle things”? What does it mean that he was supposedly disappointed with Wang Hongwen and made him watch the “Biography of Liu Penzi”?
Where did you get this stuff from? Isn’t this obviously fabricated?
I don’t know about other questions either, but to reply to this: Communist society certainly has marriage, it’s not anti-human. As for socialist society, there’s no need to mention it; refer to the socialist period. The kind of marriage that was eliminated was just a false marriage guided by the interests of the bourgeoisie. What remains are true marriages where two people’s worldviews are aligned, hearts and minds are in harmony, working together with genuine love. You can check out Jihe’s self-introduction and Fenghuo’s reply:
https://www.jfdzlt.com/t/topic/731/2
This was a retaliatory action carried out by Zhou Enlai to purge traitors. Communists do not exclude the use of such special violent means because if traitors are not eliminated, they pose great danger to the party and countless comrades would sacrifice their lives. However, Zhou Enlai killed all members of Gu Shunzhang’s family but did not kill him personally (because he was protected by the Kuomintang at the time, although he was later killed), which makes it difficult to evaluate.
He Long himself was a bandit warlord, so there is no question of Zhou Enlai persecuting him to death. During the Land Revolution War, He Long was involved in bandit gangs, and after the failure of the August 1st Uprising, he saved his own life by fleeing directly to western Hunan to become a bandit. In the army, he practiced a barbaric patriarchal style, and his family was also composed of bandits, oppressing the local people and being very reactionary. After founding the country, he continued on a reactionary path, opposing the internal rectification of the army and supporting the capitalist faction within the military. His crimes are too numerous to count. Moreover, there are suspicions of his betrayal history.
Primitive communism does exist, but it refers to a society during the primitive social period where due to extremely underdeveloped productive forces, only primitive groups could produce and consume collectively. Although it is also a social form of public ownership, strictly speaking, it is not the same as the communism we talk about.
Marriage certainly exists in socialist and communist societies, but at that time, marriage would be truly based on love, without any economic considerations, and without male oppression and constraints over women. You can refer to Engels’ detailed discussion in “The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State.”
I previously read an article on Zhihu about this incident. At that time, Zhou Enlai and Kang Sheng, responsible for handling this matter in the Central Special Branch, advocated executing Gu Shunzhang’s entire family because they had all defected; but Zhou Enlai insisted on saving the children, believing they were too young to be guilty. Under Zhou Enlai’s protection, the three children not only survived but also gained personal freedom, but they then leaked information to the Kuomintang agents, causing significant losses to the Communist Party. This is what Zhou Enlai called “benevolence.”
https://www.zhihu.com/question/274331615/answer/2790912933
Moreover, I saw an article mentioning that Zhou Enlai, upon Gu Shunzhang’s defection, specifically notified Gu Shunzhang’s wife to distance herself from him. This alert caused her to attempt an early escape and even try to inform the Kuomintang of the new address after the central agency in Shanghai was urgently relocated.
This also fully demonstrates that mercy to the enemy is cruelty to comrades. Of course, Zhou Enlai and them are not enemies.
I know about this. It later directly led to the complete dismantling of the Communist Party’s underground organizations in Shanghai by the enemy.
But I remember that at that time, they also killed someone who went to his house to play cards. What was that person’s identity? I am not sure if he defected, so I can’t tell if it was an unjust killing or a proper execution.
At that time, Gu Shunzhang was indulging in wild eating, drinking, prostitution, and gambling outside, living an extremely decadent lifestyle. Chen Geng even said that if both of them didn’t die, sooner or later they would see Gu Shunzhang defect, but Zhou Enlai didn’t care about such matters at all (probably because he saw that Gu could produce results and could help him accumulate political capital). Later, Gu Shunzhang did defect, and Zhou Enlai quickly deployed actions to hunt him down, probably wanting to eliminate him to free himself. However, they were completely unprepared and ended up killing Gu Shunzhang’s entire family but failed to capture Gu Shunzhang himself.
I am a bit confused about the nature of the Sino-Vietnamese War (which the Chinese empire calls the Self-Defensive Counterattack War against Vietnam). After all, Vietnam at that time was also revisionist.
Hard to say Vietnam had already completed its revision; Vietnam’s turn towards revisionism was a process. In 1975, it achieved unification, then showed signs of revisionism. It adopted incorrect policies of tolerance towards the bourgeoisie of the male side. However, at that time, socialist China was still present and exerted influence over Vietnam, so it had not fully turned revisionist yet. But after Huaxiu (the Chinese revisionist faction) came to power, they began to cut off foreign aid and stopped supporting revolutionary factions of other communist parties. The leftist faction within the Vietnamese Communist Party became increasingly isolated, and revisionist forces grew stronger. The Huaxiu group, especially after Deng Xiaoping came to power, adopted a policy of capitulation and compromise with American, European, and Japanese imperialist groups. Vietnam, losing support from socialist China and with the rightist faction gaining power, began to lean towards the Soviet revisionists, which led to the outbreak of the Sino-Vietnamese War, a conflict aimed at attacking the Soviet revisionist camp and to demonstrate loyalty to U.S. imperialism.
I remember that the Sino-Vietnamese War was actually an act of aggression. The Chinese imperial forces brutally massacred the Vietnamese people and destroyed various local infrastructures, which led to the uprising and resistance of the Vietnamese working people. Many of the insults and slanders against the Vietnamese people at that time circulating among the young nationalists on the domestic internet now indirectly reflect this fact.
I don’t quite understand this part. This section mainly discusses the dual nature of the national bourgeoisie to refute Chen Duxiu, but what is the connection between the middle class and the national bourgeoisie mentioned in the middle and the main theme of this chapter? Also, did a middle class exist in China at that time?
In Marxist terminology, the middle class is synonymous with the bourgeoisie.
Is the bourgeois democratic revolution mentioned here referring to the Northern Expedition or the revolutionary struggle led by the Chinese Communist Party against the Kuomintang reactionaries mentioned earlier?
If it is the latter, why is the struggle led by the Communist Party involving peasants against the landlord class and comprador class called a bourgeois democratic revolution?
The civil rights revolution is the democratic revolution, and the goal of the democratic revolution is to overthrow the feudal system. It refers to the first National Revolution based on the leadership of the Communist Party and the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. This is a democratic revolution of a new democratic nature because although the goal of the revolution is to overthrow the feudal system, the leading class is the proletariat. However, this National Revolution ultimately failed due to the betrayal caused by Chen Duxiu’s rightist opportunist line.
And here, why must the socialist revolution be carried out through a democratic revolution?
Because the success of the democratic revolution is the foundation of the socialist revolution, this is called the theory of revolutionary stages, which requires addressing the main contradictions at each stage of social revolution. Under the conditions of the feudal system, the proletariat’s struggle cannot be carried out, as it restricts the development of capitalism, limits the growth of the proletarian ranks, and severely restricts the political and economic rights of the working class.
Under the current conditions of the revolution, including after the revolution’s success, how should the bureaucratic bourgeoisie and their children be treated? Should they all be executed directly, or should their family members and children undergo a background check before deciding whether to execute them?
I can only say that your question fully reflects the fanaticism of the petty bourgeoisie, acting without considering the basis and with fluctuating emotions. How to deal with the enemy still depends on their actual crimes, doesn’t it? If you kill them all without distinguishing the severity of their crimes, on one hand, you cannot divide and weaken the enemy, and on the other hand, it is completely unreasonable and will not win people’s support at all.